When people dream of Peru, one of the first images that comes to mind is the mist rising over the ancient stone ruins of Machu Picchu. This magical place has captured the imagination of travelers for more than a century. But before you pack your bags, there are many details that should be considered to make sure your visit is memorable. Going unprepared can quickly turn an exciting trip into a difficult experience, especially because Cusco and Machu Picchu present unique challenges of altitude, climate, and logistics.
Preparing correctly is the key.
The Challenge of Altitude Sickness
The first thing any traveler needs to know is that Cusco, the city where most journeys to Machu Picchu begin, sits at a very high altitude, over 3,300 meters above sea level. This means that visitors who are not used to such elevations may experience altitude sickness, also known locally as soroche. Symptoms include:
- Headaches.
- Nausea.
- Dizziness and shortness of breath.
To reduce the chances of this ruining your trip, it is recommended to spend the first day in Cusco resting, drinking plenty of water, and avoiding heavy meals or alcohol. Coca tea, a traditional herbal tea made from coca leaves, is often offered in hotels and cafes and is known for helping the body adapt to the thin air.
What to Pack for Unpredictable Weather
Packing for Cusco and Machu Picchu requires some careful thought. The weather in the Andes is unpredictable and can change rapidly, sometimes in the same day. While the mornings can be sunny and warm, the evenings are often cold, and sudden showers are common. The best advice is to dress in layers, bringing a light t-shirt, a sweater or fleece, and a waterproof jacket that you can easily add or remove as the day goes on. Comfortable walking shoes are absolutely necessary since Cusco’s streets are made of cobblestones and the ruins at Machu Picchu require quite a bit of climbing. Many travelers also find that a small backpack is useful to carry snacks, water, sunscreen, and a hat. One should remember that at Machu Picchu there are restrictions on bag size, so a small daypack is the safest option.
Tickets and Logistics: Planning Ahead Is Vital
Another aspect that needs attention is the tickets. Access to Machu Picchu is limited, and tickets must be purchased well in advance, sometimes months before the visit. There are different ticket options, including general entry and special tickets that allow climbing Huayna Picchu or Machu Picchu Mountain for stunning panoramic views. Each has strict time slots and limits, so planning ahead is vital.
In addition to the entrance ticket, visitors must also arrange transportation. The most common route is by train from Cusco or Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes, followed by a bus ride up to the citadel. Some travelers choose to hike the Inca Trail or alternative routes like Salkantay, but these treks also require advance booking and physical preparation.
Physical and Cultural Preparation
Speaking of physical preparation, it is important not to underestimate the amount of walking and climbing involved. Even if you are not planning to do a multi-day trek, Machu Picchu itself demands stamina. The site is built on steep terraces, and exploring it fully means climbing many uneven steps. Practicing some regular walking or light hiking before your trip can make a big difference. Stretching and keeping your body in good shape will help you enjoy the experience rather than feeling exhausted halfway through.
Understanding the cultural side of Cusco is just as important as the physical and logistical preparation. Cusco was once the capital of the Inca Empire and is filled with history at every corner. Many churches and colonial buildings are built on top of Inca stone foundations, and the mix of Spanish and indigenous traditions can be seen in festivals, markets, and daily life. Taking the time to learn a little about Inca history before visiting makes the whole journey more meaningful. This article serves as a travel guide to help you get started.